Water Treatment plant

Demineralised water (also known as Deionised water), is water that has had its mineral ions removed. As majority of water impurities are dissolved salts, deionization produces high purity water that is generally similar to distilled water, and this process is quick and without scale build up. De-mineralization technology is the proven process for treatment of water. A DM plant produces mineral free water by operating on the principles of ion exchange, Degasification, and polishing. Demineralised Water System finds wide application in the field of steam, power, process, and cooling.

Reverse osmosis technology is used by most leading water bottling plants. Natural osmosis occurs when solutions with two different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Osmotic pressure drives water through the membrane; the water dilutes the more concentrated solution; and the end result is equilibrium.

In water purification systems, hydraulic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution to counteract the osmotic pressure. Pure water is driven from the concentrated solution and collected downstream of the membrane. RO also involves an ionic exclusion process. Only a solvent is allowed to pass through the semi-permeable RO membrane, while virtually all ions and dissolved molecules are retained (including salts and sugars). The semi-permeable membrane rejects salts (ions) by a charge phenomenon action: the greater the charge, the greater the rejection.

Exchange Resin

The ion exchange resin shall be virgin, high capacity, “standard mesh” of sulfonated polystyrene type stable over the entire pH range with good resistance to bead fracture from attrition or osmotic shock. Each cubic foot of resin will be capable of removing 30,000 grains of hardness as calcium carbonate when regenerated with 15 pounds of salt. The resin shall be solid, of the proper particle size and will contain no agglomerates, shells, plates or other shapes that might interfere with the normal function of the water softener.

Brine System

The ion exchange resin shall be virgin, high capacity, “standard mesh” of sulfonated polystyrene type stable over the entire pH range with good resistance to bead fracture from attrition or osmotic shock. Each cubic foot of resin will be capable of removing 30,000 grains of hardness as calcium carbonate when regenerated with 15 pounds of salt. The resin shall be solid, of the proper particle size and will contain no agglomerates, shells, plates or other shapes that might interfere with the normal function of the water softener.

Provide a single brine measuring and dry salt storage system complete with brine tank; brine well, automatic brine valve and all necessary fittings for operation with the water softener system. Tank shall be sized for a minimum of four (4) regenerations at full salting between refills.

Tank shall be constructed of polyethylene with cover. The brine system shall be equipped with plastic brine well to house an automatic, field serviceable brine valve for automatic control of brine withdrawal and fresh water refill. The brine valve will automatically open to allow brine draw and close after the brine has been completely drawn out of the tank to provide positive shut-off, preventing air from entering the system. An overflow fitting will be provided for field connection to drain as protections in the event of an over fill.
The brine system shall be equipped with an elevated salt platform to aid in dissolving of salt and collection of brine.

The main operating valve, through an adjustment on the controller timer, shall control brine dosage. The brine system shall be designed to provide the proper brine tank refill regardless of the salt level in the brine tank.

Ultra filtration water treatment plants are used to purify water by removing suspended solids, colloids and bacterial elements. These plants are operated by using membranes which make them useful for purifying the contaminated water. Ultra Filtration is the process for separation of pores of high molecular weight substances, colloidal materials, organic and inorganic polymeric molecules. The separation process works with membranes and eliminates the pores of size 0.1 to 0.001 microns.

Ultra filtration membranes can have extremely high fluxes but in most practical applications the flux varies between 50 and 200 GFD at an operating pressure of about 50 psig in contrast, reverse osmosis membranes only produce between 10 to 30 GFD at 200 to 400 psi.

Advantages

• The most economical and efficient method of dissolved solids removal
• Can handle fluctuations of total dissolved solids removal
• Easy availability of spares and service
• Short delivery periods

The fundamental principle of Nano-Filtration membrane’s technology is the use of pressure to separate soluble ions from water through a semi permeable membrane. The membrane, operates under a different hydraulic profile which is also known cross flow filtration, unlike a dead end filter. The “Pressure” difference between the ‘Feed’ and ‘Filtrate’ at the separation side of membrane is the key Parameter for the Nano Filtration.

Nano-Filtration (NF) in water treatment bridges a gap between UF and RO membranes. It is sometimes referred to as a loose or lower rejecting RO membrane. It could also be called a tight UF, as NF membrane pore size ranges from .01 to a little less than .001. Generally, an NF membrane or system lets more salt pass than an RO membrane. In addition, an NF membrane element will produce the same quantity of product at 50 to 70% the applied pressure as RO.

Applications

• Softening
• Specific removal of heavy metals from process streams for reuse of water
• Reduction of salt contents of slightly brackish water

Water Treatment using UV system does not involve any chemicals. It is a physical treatment, so it does not alter the water chemistry in terms of undesirable color, odor, taste or flavor. UV rays penetrate the outer cell membrane, passes through the cell body and disrupt its DNA preventing reproduction.